Middle Ear Infections and Their Treatment

Middle ear infections are most common during winter and primarily affect children aged 5–6 years.

Understanding the Structure of the Middle Ear

The middle ear can be compared to a room. One side is a window—the eardrum, and the other side is a door—the Eustachian tube.

In children, the presence of adenoids can interfere with the function of this "door," leading to Eustachian tube blockage. The main role of the Eustachian tube is to ventilate the middle ear, ensuring proper function.

When the tube closes, air is depleted, and the walls absorb the remaining air. As a result, the eardrum collapses inward, causing hearing impairment. Fluid accumulates inside the middle ear, allowing bacteria to proliferate. Negative pressure turns into positive pressure, leading to fluid buildup.

This causes the eardrum to bulge, resulting in severe ear pain. After a period of discomfort, the pressure may cause rupture, leading to bloody fluid discharge from the ear.

Medical Intervention After Two Months

Most middle ear infections in children resolve within one to two weeks. However, in some cases, the condition persists, requiring medical intervention.

Sometimes, adenoids or successive flu infections cause repeated middle ear infections, prolonging the cycle.

A duration of two months is considered a critical threshold. If the infection lasts more than two months, it may lead to permanent complications, necessitating treatment.

Treatment Approach

• If adenoids are present, they must be removed first.

• If the infection persists, a ventilation tube may need to be inserted.

• A small hole is made in the eardrum, and a ventilation tube is placed to allow air to enter the middle ear, preventing fluid buildup.

Ventilation Tube Placement

• This tube is temporary in children, usually falling out within 3–6 months.

• Sometimes, it remains longer, requiring manual removal.

• Removal is ideally performed during late spring, when infection rates decrease and school is out, reducing exposure to contagious diseases.